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Viper Extreme

Viper Extreme contains rapidly absorbed carbohydrates for instant energy, together with a number of herbs, minerals and other nutrients. It's designed to provide a powerful mental and physical "kick" after 15-20 minutes.

Per 50 grams (1 scoop):
Energy: 193 calories
Protein: 1.15 grams
Carbohydrates 46 grams
Fat: Trace
L-Carnitine: 1000 milligrams
Taurine: 1000 milligrams
Potassium Gluconate: 500 milligrams
Magnesium Gluconate: 500 milligrams
Bitter Orange Peel: 325 milligrams
Caffeine: 150 milligrams
Gluconurolactone: 150 milligramsL-Carnitine
L-Carnitine improves your exercise performance by protecting against a carnitine deficiency in the cells that make up the inside of your blood vessels. By protecting against carnitine depletion, carnitine improves the delivery of oxygen to the working muscle during and after exercise [5].

Carnitine also prevents the drop in testosterone caused by intense endurance training programmes [2]. Studies show that Carnitine promotes the growth and activity of cells in the brain responsible for producing hormones that activate testosterone production [2]. Research presented at the 25th National Strength and Conditioning Association conference shows that Carnitine (2 grams daily) is highly effective for increasing your testosterone levels.

Carnitine (2 grams daily) can reduce muscle damage, while also reducing soreness [4]. A trial published in the American Journal of Physiology shows that muscle "disruption" several days after exercise was reduced by almost 50%. Several other markers of muscle damage were also reduced, with the researchers concluding that Carnitine results in "... less accumulation of markers of purine degradation, free radical formation, tissue damage, and muscle soreness." Researchers strongly believe this reduction in damage and soreness will increase the rate at which you recover and improve from workout to workout.

Taurine
Taurine is an amino acid found naturally in your body, mainly in nerve tissue and muscle. Although it is classed as non-essential, taurine is sometimes considered to be a "conditionally essential" amino acid. Under certain conditions, such as a regular exercise program, the body may not be able to create enough taurine to meet the extra demands. Taurine also helps to control fluid balance in the body [11]. Taurine is frequently used in sports drinks to enhance the water content of cells, and is thought to help ward off dehydration during exercise in the heat. Studies also show that Taurine reduces the damage to muscle tissue caused by exercise, giving it an important role in speeding the recovery process [10].

Potassium Gluconate
Heavy sweating during will cause a loss of potassium, especially when you don't drink enough water to replace what you lose. Viper Extreme contains the potassium (in the superior gluconate form) needed during exercise to prevent potassium depletion.

Magnesium Gluconate
Just like potassium, your body also needs magnesium. A lack of magnesium can lead to muscle cramps, especially in the calves or hamstrings. The magnesium in Viper Extreme will help to prevent cramp or muscle spasms.

Bitter Orange Peel
The compounds in Bitter Orange Peel are chemically very similar to ephedrine, but far safer and less likely to cause jittery side-effects. Combined with caffeine, Bitter Orange Peel is a safe way to boost your energy levels and metabolic rate.

Caffeine
Caffeine is one of the most effective performance-enhancing ingredients available. Most studies show that caffeine is a quick and easy way to boost your energy levels, gain strength and generate more intensity during your workouts [6, 7]. Although many people like to have a strong cup of coffee in the hope that it will have the same effect, it's well known that coffee doesn't work as well as caffeine. While scientists don't really know why, it appears that one or more of the substances in coffee interferes with the effects of caffeine [8]. This isn't surprising, especially when you consider there are hundreds of compounds dissolved when coffee beans are roasted, ground and extracted in hot water. In fact, when one of these compounds was injected into rats, it actually slowed heart rate and lowered blood pressure, whereas caffeine has the opposite effect.

D-glucuronolactone
Glucuronolactone helps to detoxify the body, and accelerates the elimination of both endogenic and exogenic noxae.
To use Viper Extreme correctly, mix 1 scoop (50 grams) in 750 milliliters (approx 1.5 pints) of water. You can use it before or during training.When using Viper Extreme, it's common to notice an increase in clarity of thought, mental focus and physical energy. Most nutritionists and coaches believe that Viper Extreme is a highly effective way to quickly gain strength, fight fatigue and boost flagging energy levels.

1. Krsmanovic, L.Z., Virmani, M.A., Stojilkovic, S.S., & Catt, K.J. (1994). Stimulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion by acetyl-L-carnitine in hypothalamic neurons and GT1 neuronal cells. Neuroscience Letters, 165, 33-36
2. Bidzinska, B., Petraglia, F., Angioni, S., Genazzani, A.D., Criscuolo, M., Ficarra, G., Gallinelli, A., Trentini, G.P., & Genazzani, A.R. (1993). Effect of different chronic intermittent stressors and acetyl-l-carnitine on hypothalamic beta-endorphin and GnRH and on plasma testosterone levels in male rats. Neuroendocrinology, 57, 985-990
3. Maggini, S., Banziger, K.R., & Walter, P. (2000). L-carnitine supplementation results in improved recovery after strenuous exercise. Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism, 44, 75-96
4. Volek, J.S., Kraemer, W.J., Rubin, M.R., Gomez, A.L., Ratamess, N.A., & Gaynor, P. (2002). L-Carnitine L-tartrate supplementation favorably affects markers of recovery from exercise stress. American Journal of Physiology, 282, E474-E482
5. Kraemer, W.J. & Volek, J.S. (2000). L-Carnitine supplementation for athlete. A new perspective. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 44, 88-89
6. Spriet, L.L. (1995). Caffeine and performance. International Journal of Sport Nutrition, 5, S84-99
7. Doherty, M. (1998). The effects of caffeine on the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit and short-term running performance. International Journal of Sport Nutrition, 8, 95-104
8. Graham, T.E., Hibbert, E., & Sathasivam, P. (1998). Metabolic and exercise endurance effects of coffee and caffeine ingestion. Journal of Applied Physiology, 85, 883-889
9. Le Boucher J, Cynober LA. (1998). Ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate: the puzzle. Nutrition, 14, 870-873
10. Zhang M, Izumi I, Kagamimori S, Sokejima S, Yamagami T, Liu Z, Qi B. (2004). Role of taurine supplementation to prevent exercise-induced oxidative stress in healthy young men. Amino Acids, 26, 203-207
11. Cuisinier C, Michotte De Welle J, Verbeeck RK, Poortmans JR, Ward R, Sturbois X, Francaux M. (2002). Role of taurine in osmoregulation during endurance exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 87, 489-495

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